全面解析JavaScript中对于字符串子串的查询方法

function checkHas (longStr, shortStr) {
    for (let i = 0; i < longStr.length - shortStr.length + 1; i++) {
        for (let j = 0; j < shortStr.length; j++) {
            if (shortStr.charAt(j) !== longStr.charAt(i+j)) {
                break
            } else if (j === shortStr.length - 1) {
                return true
            }
        }
    }
    return false
}

str.includes(searchString[, position])

'Blue Whale'.includes('blue'); // returns false

if (!String.prototype.includes) {
  String.prototype.includes = function(search, start) {
    'use strict';
    if (typeof start !== 'number') {
      start = 0;
    }
    
    if (start + search.length > this.length) {
      return false;
    } else {
      return this.indexOf(search, start) !== -1;
    }
  };
}

var str = 'To be, or not to be, that is the question.';

console.log(str.includes('To be'));       // true
console.log(str.includes('question'));    // true
console.log(str.includes('nonexistent')); // false
console.log(str.includes('To be', 1));    // false
console.log(str.includes('TO BE'));       // false

str.indexOf(searchValue [, fromIndex])

'hello world'.indexOf('') // 返回 0
'hello world'.indexOf('', 0) // 返回 0
'hello world'.indexOf('', 3) // 返回 3
'hello world'.indexOf('', 8) // 返回 8

'hello world'.indexOf('', 11) // 返回 11
'hello world'.indexOf('', 13) // 返回 11
'hello world'.indexOf('', 22) // 返回 11

"Blue Whale".indexOf("Blue")       // 返回 0
"Blue Whale".indexOf("Blute")      // 返回 -1
"Blue Whale".indexOf("Whale", 0)   // 返回 5
"Blue Whale".indexOf("Whale", 5)   // 返回 5
"Blue Whale".indexOf("", -1)       // 返回 0
"Blue Whale".indexOf("", 9)        // 返回 9
"Blue Whale".indexOf("", 10)       // 返回 10
"Blue Whale".indexOf("", 11)       // 返回 10

var anyString = "Brave new world";

console.log("The index of the first w from the beginning is " + anyString.indexOf("w"));
// logs 8
console.log("The index of the first w from the end is " + anyString.lastIndexOf("w")); 
// logs 10

console.log("The index of 'new' from the beginning is " + anyString.indexOf("new"));   
// logs 6
console.log("The index of 'new' from the end is " + anyString.lastIndexOf("new"));
// logs 6

// 翻译：生存还是毁灭？这是个问题。（莎士比亚《哈姆雷特》）
var str = 'To be, or not to be, that is the question.';
var count = 0;
var pos = str.indexOf('e');

while (pos !== -1) {
  count++;
  pos = str.indexOf('e', pos + 1);
}

console.log(count); // displays 4

str.startsWith(searchString[, position])

if (!String.prototype.startsWith) {
    Object.defineProperty(String.prototype, 'startsWith', {
        value: function(search, pos) {
            pos = !pos || pos < 0 ? 0 : +pos;
            return this.substring(pos, pos + search.length) === search;
        }
    });
}

var str = "To be, or not to be, that is the question.";

alert(str.startsWith("To be"));         // true
alert(str.startsWith("not to be"));     // false
alert(str.startsWith("not to be", 10)); // true

str.endsWith(searchString[, length])

if (!String.prototype.endsWith) {
	String.prototype.endsWith = function(search, this_len) {
		if (this_len === undefined || this_len > this.length) {
			this_len = this.length;
		}
		return this.substring(this_len - search.length, this_len) === search;
	};
}

str.search(regexp)

var str = "hey JudE";
var re = /[A-Z]/g;
var re2 = /[.]/g;
console.log(str.search(re)); // returns 4, which is the index of the first capital letter "J"
console.log(str.search(re2)); // returns -1 cannot find '.' dot punctuation